Guide

High total protein in blood usually comes from dehydration, chronic inflammation, liver disease, or plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma.

Raised anion gap metabolic acidosis usually stems from lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, kidney failure, or toxic alcohol and drug ingestions.

High protein levels in blood tests usually come from dehydration, inflammation, infections, liver disease, or abnormal immune proteins.

A high protein creatinine ratio often signals kidney damage or stress and needs repeat checks and medical review.

High insulin levels usually stem from insulin resistance, calorie excess, low movement, some medicines, and a few rare disorders.

High insulin happens when the pancreas releases more insulin than the body needs, often because cells do not respond well to this hormone.

Low cortisol levels in blood usually come from adrenal gland damage, pituitary disease, long steroid use, or rare genetic problems.

Low cortisol in females mainly comes from adrenal damage, pituitary or hypothalamus disorders, long term steroid use, and rare genetic or autoimmune conditions.

Low cortisol binding globulin usually reflects hormone, liver, kidney, or genetic factors and often changes how doctors read cortisol tests.

Trace ketones in urine usually come from fasting, low-carb eating, illness, or diabetes changes and need interpretation by a health professional.